1. Phonological Awareness — Phonological Awareness is defined as one’s sensitivity to, or explicit awareness of, the phonological structure of words in one’s language. It encompasses an awareness of individual words in sentences, syllables, and onset and rime segments as well as awareness of individual phonemes in words. Phonological Awareness is considered an “umbrella” or broad term, which covers aspects of sound identification and manipulation in spoken language. Activities in Phonological Awareness are based on a progression of skill difficulty (i.e., rhyme, alliteration, sentence segmentation, syllable, onset and rime, and phonemes). The goal of Phonological Awareness instruction is to develop an awareness that words are composed of individual sounds, or phonemes, and to develop the ability to manipulate sounds in words

2. Phonics - Phonics is the study of the relationship between letters and the sounds they represent. It is also used to describe reading instruction that teaches sound-symbol correspondences. The goal of Phonics instruction is to help children use the sound-symbol relationship to read and write words.

 

3. Fluency- Fluency is the ability to read text quickly, accurately,  effortlessly, and with proper expression and is the bridge between word recognition and comprehension. Fluency emerges gradually over time through supported and repeated practice in automatic word recognition, and is developed through Phonological Awareness, accurate letter-sound correspondence, sound blending, and guided oral reading. The goal of fluent reading is to recognize words automatically.

 

4. Vocabulary-Vocabulary refers to the meanings and pronunciation of words necessary for communication. Vocabulary is often categorized as oral (listening and speaking) or reading (reading and writing) vocabulary. The goal of Vocabulary instruction is to provide students with an understanding of the meaning and use of words so that they can comprehend what they are reading and communicate effectively.

 

5.  Comprehension-Comprehension is defined as the ability to understand and get  meaning from spoken and written language and is the ultimate goal in learning to read. The goal of Comprehension instruction is to teach children specific strategies to use for understanding text as they are reading.

 

 

 

 

 

What exactly do you mean by the 5 areas of reading???